Abstract
As sea ice grows from sea water, salt initially dissolved in the liquid is rejected from the solid. Buoyancy-driven flows develop under the ice layer in two ways: 1) interfacial boundary layer convection resulting in small-scale fingers and 2) internal convection originating from brine drainage channels inside the ice, flushing out longer-scale convective streamers. We study these dynamics experimentally by freezing salt water from above in a quasi-2D Hele-Shaw cell, observing with Schlieren and direct imaging systems. Interfacial fingers turn out more significant as a salt-transport pathway than previously thought, persisting throughout ice growth, whereas streamers show on-off behavior.
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