Abstract
Plant-derived compounds have been used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes for many years as they also exert additional beneficial effects on various other disorders. PI3K pathway is the major pathway activated by insulin receptor (IR). It induces glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, cell growth and differentiation. Hence metabolic assay was employed to assess glucose uptake based on the property of 3T3-L 1 cells to differentiate into adipocytes which can take up the glucose in medium due to the effect of insulin or insulin like molecules. The results of the current study showed that plants extract probably exerts its anti-diabetic properties by stimulating glucose uptake in adipocytes with significant inhibition of adipogenesis demonstrating reliable relative potency in comparision to the commercial insulin. The ability of existing therapies to target various aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome induces other metabolic abnormalities, chiefly those involved in lipid metabolism.
 In this preliminary in-vitro study Costusspeciosus plant extract demonstrated to have significant relative potency in comparison to commercial Insulin which can be exploited to treat diabetes using natural herbal extracts
 Current study leads researchers to elucidate the chemical structures, isolate active ingrediatents in the crude extract for such biological activities in reference to commercial and recombinant insulins.
Highlights
The biological evaluation of plant products on the basis of their use in the traditional herbal system of medicine develops a basic platform for the recent and newer drug discovery methods, development of new drugs from different plant sources
Metabolic actions of insulin comprise increased uptake of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids by target cells, increased expression and activity of enzymes involved in synthesis of glycogen, proteins and lipids, and decreased activity of enzymes involved in degradation of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids(Baldea, 2010)
Relative Potency of Costus speciosus plant extract in 3T3 L1 cells In order to study the dose-dependence of the proliferative response of 3T3 L1 cells to the regular insulin and Costus speciosus plant extract, cells were treated with various concentrations of each standard and sample
Summary
The biological evaluation of plant products on the basis of their use in the traditional herbal system of medicine develops a basic platform for the recent and newer drug discovery methods, development of new drugs from different plant sources. From the innumerable plants being researched since time immemorial, Costus speciosus is important one This plant of Costaceae (Zingiberaceae) family, is commonly known as keukand (hindi), Variegated Crepe Ginger (English). Metabolic actions of insulin comprise increased uptake of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids by target cells, increased expression and activity of enzymes involved in synthesis of glycogen (e.g., phosphofructokinase-2 and glycogen synthase), proteins and lipids, and decreased activity of enzymes involved in degradation of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids(Baldea, 2010). These varied metabolic effects make insulin the most potent anabolic hormone known. In muscles and adipose tissue, insulin induces translocation of the GLUT4, insulin-dependent glucose transporter, to the plasma membrane (James & Piper, 1994)
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