Abstract
Abstract Through force spectroscopy, we use an atomic force microscope (AFM) to compare the forces between two extra heavy crude oil (EHCO) droplets. This is done in various aqueous environments in order to compare said forces in the presence of a variety of surfactants and ionic species. A crude oil droplet is attached to the AFM cantilever and pressed against other droplets placed on a substrate. Differences in the behavior of the forces as a function of surfactant chemistry, concentration and the velocity of the approach and retract of the droplets are observed for droplets with a range of diameters 10
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