Abstract
In order to find the feasibility of feeding raw or processed cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM), 30 male crossbred lambs were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments with 6 animals each. Lambs were fed each of the isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing 30% deoiled groundnut cake (DGNC) (reference diet), 40% raw, 45 minute cooked, 1% Ca(OH)2 or iron (1 part free gossypol:0.3 parts iron) treated CSM (replacing about 50% nitrogen moiety of reference concentrate mixture). The concentrate mixture was fed to meet 80% of CP requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad libitum maize (Zea mays) hay for 180 days. Incorporation of raw or processed CSM did not affect the palatability of diets as evidenced by higher (p<0.01) or comparable overall daily intakes of DM and protein (CP and Digestible CP) per kg W 0.75 by lambs in comparison to reference group. Intakes of DE and ME increased (p<0.01) due to inclusion Ca(OH)2 treated CSM in diets, while the intakes were lower (p<0.01) on iron treated CSM based diet when compared with reference diet. The intakes of DM, CP, TDN, DE and ME by reference and experimental lambs were higher than the requirements stipulated by NRC (1985). The growth rate was highest (p<0.01) in lambs fed on diets with cooked CSM followed by those fed raw or Ca(OH)2 treated CSM based diets. The growth of lambs fed on iron treated CSM diets was depressed (p<0.01) in comparison to that of other experimental lambs probably due to increased iron intake (889 mg/kg DM of diet) which was much higher than the toxic levels of 500 ppm (NRC, 1980). The lambs on various diets utilized DM with similar efficiency while the utilization of energy (TDN, DE and ME) was more efficient (p<0.01) when the diets contained raw or cooked CSM in comparison to that of reference diet. The lambs fed raw and Ca(OH)2 treated CSM incorporated diets utilized DCP with higher (p<0.01) efficiency than the lambs fed reference diet. The feed cost per kg weight gain was lower (p<0.01) on raw, cooked and Ca(OH)2 treated CSM based diets in comparison to reference diet. Cooking of CSM for 45 minutes further reduced the feed cost of weight gain. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 1 : 29-35)
Highlights
The chronic shortage and escalating prices of conventional feedstuffs in developing countries, like India, drew the attention of Animal Nutritionists to search for alternative unconventional agro-industrial by-products, which are unsuitable for human consumption
Its feeding has resulted in growth depression and mortality in calves (Rogers et al, 1975), lambs (Danke et al, 1965; Calhoun et al, 1990) and occasionally in mature ruminants (Huston et al, 1990) due to the presence of gossypol, a toxic polyphenolic compound in Cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM)
The ADF content was nearly double in CSM containing concentrates in comparison to reference concentrate
Summary
The chronic shortage and escalating prices of conventional feedstuffs in developing countries, like India, drew the attention of Animal Nutritionists to search for alternative unconventional agro-industrial by-products, which are unsuitable for human consumption. Received December 19, 2001; Accepted August 26, 2002 butanol, aniline, hexane, isopropanol to minimize the free gossypol (FG) in CSM. These solvents were effective in FG content reduction, but these solvents were costly and the recovery of solvent after extraction is difficult. Physical processing methods like water soaking (Shah et al, 1986), autoclaving (Baliga and Lyman, 1957) and pressure cooking (Nagalakshmi, 1997) were though effective in gossypol reduction the former resulted in loss of protein while latter two methods were not economically feasible. Taking into consideration the practical feasibility and economics of processing methods, cooking, Ca(OH) and iron treatments were the three processing methods selected for reducing the FG content of the CSM.
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