Abstract
The relative intensity noise (RIN) of temperature-stable, energy-efficient oxide confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been investigated. Low energy consumption data transmission is achieved by using small oxide-aperture diameter VCSELs biased at small currents. We demonstrate that energy efficiency is not in conflict with our VCSELs’ RIN characteristics. The experimental results indicate that small oxide-aperture diameter VCSELs, which are most suitable for energy-efficient, temperature-stable operation, exhibit lower laser RIN due to less mode competition inside the smaller optical cavity volume. Our energy-efficient VCSELs fulfill the RIN requirements of the 32G Fibre Channel standard.
Highlights
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are the typical light sources used for high-speed optical interconnects (OIs) based on multi-mode optical fibers (MMF)
The VCSEL’s relative intensity noise (RIN), which is a major source of OI system noise, degrades the signal quality and increases the bit error ratio (BER) under certain conditions.[7]
The smallest possible heat-to-bit-rate ratio, defined as HBR = (Pel – Popt)/BR, where Pel = I · V is the input continuous wave (CW) electrical power due to a bias current I and a corresponding bias voltage V, Popt is the optical output power, and BR is the bit rate,[11] is usually achieved by using small oxide-aperture diameter VCSELs biased at low currents
Summary
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are the typical light sources used for high-speed optical interconnects (OIs) based on multi-mode optical fibers (MMF). Relative intensity noise of temperature-stable, energy-efficient 980 nm VCSELs
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