Abstract
The influence of sunflower head shape and bract orientation on feeding preferences of red-winged blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus L.) was examined. Only concave or near-flat sunflower heads orientated in a ground-facing position consistently received little bird damage. Bract orientation did not influence feeding. Development of bird-resistant sunflower cultivars may represent a cost-effective strategy to reduce blackbird depredation to sunflower.
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