Abstract

Comparative advertising (CA) has been used in the United States for decades, with the time the United Kingdom being less. Excepting Chang (2007), little is known about gender differences in responses to comparative ads and little attention has been devoted to regulatory focus and CA (see Higgins 1997; Kao 2012). This study contributes by examining the role of ad format (direct vs. indirect CA—DCA and ICA, respectively), gender, and message framing for UK consumer response in the context of Regulatory Focus Theory predictions.

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