Relationships of the Trace Elements Zinc and Magnesium With Diabetic Nephropathy-Associated Renal Functional Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Jianan Feng,Yanfang Jiang,Zhe Jing,Heyuan Wang,Wanning Wang,Weixia Sun,Yue Wang

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.626909

Jianan Feng, Yanfang Jiang + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.626909

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Abstract

Zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) are essential trace elements in humans. Their deficiency may be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanisms involved have not been fully characterized. We aimed to investigate the relationships between circulating concentrations of Zn and Mg and pro-inflammatory factors with DN-associated renal functional damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To this end, we studied 20 healthy people, 24 patients with T2DM, and 59 patients with T2DM and T2DN. Serum and urine Zn and Mg concentrations were measured using the 2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamine) phenol (nitro-PAPS) chromogenic method and the xylidyl blue method, respectively, and the circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were measured using flow cytometry. The serum concentrations of Zn and Mg were significantly lower in patients with T2DM and DN than in healthy controls. Serum Zn, urine Zn, and urine Mg concentrations decreased, while those of IL-6 and IL-8 increased with the progression of DN-associated renal functional damage. Furthermore, the serum and urine Zn concentrations negatively correlated with the serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations. Notably, the serum Zn concentration was found to independently protect against DN in patients with T2DM. Hypozincemia may be associated with the T2DN-associated renal functional damage because it exacerbates inflammation.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established public health problem because of its high prevalence and morbidity [1]
Clinical data was collected for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) who were hospitalized in the nephrology and endocrinology department of the First Hospital of Jilin University between September 2017 and January 2019
Trace elements are found only in small quantities in the human body, they are extremely important for human health

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established public health problem because of its high prevalence and morbidity [1]. Trace Elements and Diabetic Nephropathy (OS) [3], the activation of inflammatory and fibrosis signaling pathways [4], the accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts [5], abnormal renal hemodynamics, and abnormal activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, secondary to chronic hyperglycemia [6]. The trace elements zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) play important roles in the function of various enzymes and transcription factors [9, 10]. Barman et al [13] showed that Zn administration inhibits activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, thereby reducing oxidative damage and the inflammatory response in the kidneys of rats with streptozotocininduced diabetes

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