Abstract
Oxidative stress is the major cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This cross-sectional study is aimed at determining if parallel serum markers of oxidative stress are related to carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We enrolled 134 participants with varied metabolic syndrome (Met-S) scores (zero, n = 21; one, n = 19; two, n = 27; three, n = 26; four, n = 25; five, n = 16). Biochemical profiles and potential oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid were measured in fasting plasma. We found that carotid IMT positively correlated with both MDA and uric acid levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that both MDA (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.01) levels were significantly associated with carotid IMT in participants whose Met-S scores were ≥1 or ≥2. However, only uric acid (p < 0.01) levels were positively associated with carotid IMT in patients with metabolic syndrome. Linear regression model analysis revealed that the prediction accuracies for carotid IMT from MDA combined with uric acid and from a combination of MDA, uric acid, and Met-S score were 0.176 and 0.237, respectively. These were better than the predication accuracies from MDA (r2 = 0.075) and uric acid (r2 = 0.148) individually. These results suggest that measuring uric acid levels along with MDA biomarkers and Met-S scores may be a promising step in the development of an effective model for monitoring the severity of carotid IMT and atherosclerosis in the patients with metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological processes of several diseases, including atherosclerosis [1]
We examined the relationships between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the oxidative stress biomarkers, MDA and uric acid, and the inflammatory factor, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), in all 134 participants using Pearson’s correlation test
We evaluated the association between oxidative stress biomarkers and carotid IMT, and whether combination of these biomarkers is a better predictor for carotid IMT in our study participants
Summary
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological processes of several diseases, including atherosclerosis [1]. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that includes abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Each of these conditions including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia carries an independent risk for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis [2,3,4,5]. Several studies have shown that elevated serum uric acid levels are associated with conditions of metabolic dysregulation such as hyperlipidemia [11], hypertension, and cardiovascular risk-related factors [12, 13]. High serum concentration of MDA is associated with metabolic dysregulation of glucose and lipid profiles [6]
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