Relationships between Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation with Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut under Terminal Drought

Wunna Htoon,Sanun Jogloy,Sopone Wongkaew,Nimitr Vorasoot,Banyong Toomsan,Chutipong Akkasaeng,Naveen Puppala,Wanwipa Kaewpradit

doi:10.3390/agronomy9080419

Abstract

Terminal drought greatly enhanced Aspergillus flavus Link infection (AI) and aflatoxin contamination (AC) in peanut. Identification of new surrogate traits which have an association with AC may be effective to improve peanut varieties with reduced AI and AC. The objective of this work was to examine the relationships of nutrient uptake and N2-fixation (NF) with AC in peanut in a terminal drought condition. Five peanut varieties were tested in well-watered (WW) and terminal drought (TD) conditions (1/3 available water (AW) from R7 (7th reproductive growth stage; beginning of pod maturity stage)). Data were collected for nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium), nodule dry weight (NDW), and NF. AI and AC were also examined. Nutrient uptake, NDW, and NF had negative and significant correlations with AI and AC in the TD condition. Negative and significant correlations of the drought tolerance index of nutrient uptake, NDW, and NF with AI and AC were also observed in the TD condition. The results showed that the ability to maintain nutrient uptake and NF in TD might be a mechanism of tolerance to AI and AC. Moreover, due to their negative impacts on AI and AC, nutrient uptake and NF could be used as selection traits for resistance to AI and AC in peanut in TD.

Highlights

Aflatoxin contamination infested by Aspergillus flavus in terminal drought (TD)conditions is a serious problem of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in the tropics
The results showed that the ability to maintain nutrient uptake and N2 -fixation (NF) in TD might be a mechanism of tolerance to Aspergillus flavus infection (AI) and aflatoxin contamination (AC)
TD is a major cause of Aspergillus flavus infection (AI) and aflatoxin contamination (AC) in peanut [1]

Summary

Introduction

Aflatoxin contamination infested by Aspergillus flavus in terminal drought (TD). Conditions is a serious problem of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in the tropics. TD is a drought during the pod and seed forming stages has been shown to reduce pod yield of peanut. TD is a major cause of Aspergillus flavus infection (AI) and aflatoxin contamination (AC) in peanut [1]. Drought resistant varieties could reduce aflatoxin production [2,3,4] and such drought tolerance could minimize the aflatoxin contamination in peanut. Some physiological and morphological traits are closely related to drought adaptation. Indirect traits related to drought resistance are associated with AI and AC and these traits can be used as surrogate traits for resistance to AI and AC [1]

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion