Relationships between carbon dioxide emission and soil properties in salt-affected landscapes

Abstract

Net carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission from soils is controlled by the input rate of organic material and the rate of decomposition which in turn are affected by temperature, moisture and soil factors. While the relationships between CO 2 emission and soil factors are well-studied in non-salt-affected soils, little is known about soil properties controlling CO 2 emission from salt-affected soils. To close this knowledge gap, non-salt-affected and salt-affected soils (0–0.30 m) were collected from two agricultural regions: in India (irrigation induced salinity) and in Australia (salinity associated with ground water or non-ground water associated salinity). A subset (50 Indian and 70 Australian soils) covering the range of electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in each region was used in a laboratory incubation experiment. The soils were left unamended or amended with mature wheat residues (2% w/w) and CO 2 release was measured over 120 days at constant temperature and soil water content. Residues were added to overcome carbon limitation for soil respiration. For the unamended soils, separation in multidimensional scaling plots was a function of differences in soil texture (clay, sand), SOC pools (particulate organic carbon (POC) and humus-C) and also EC. Cumulative CO 2 –C emission from unamended and amended soils was related to soil properties by stepwise regression models. Cumulative CO 2 –C emission was negatively correlated with EC in saline soils ( R 2 = 0.50, p < 0.05) from both regions. In the unamended non-salt-affected soils, cumulative CO 2 –C emission was significantly positively related to the content of POC for the Indian soils and negatively related to clay content for the Australian soils. In the wheat residue amended soils, cumulative CO 2 –C emission had positive relationship with POC and humus-C but a negative correlation with EC for both Indian and Australian soils. SAR was negatively related ( β = −0.66, p < 0.05) with cumulative CO 2 –C emission only for the unamended saline-sodic soils of Australia. Cumulative CO 2 –C emission was significantly negatively correlated with bulk density in amended soils from both regions. The study showed that in salt-affected soils, EC was the main factor influencing for soil respiration but the content of POC, humus-C and clay were also influential with the magnitude of influence depending on whether the soils were salt affected or not. ► Soil respiration was measured in 120 soils from two salt-affected landscapes. ► Salinity (EC) was the main factor influencing the soil respiration. ► Soil respiration was negatively correlated with EC and clay content. ► Soil respiration was positively correlated with particulate organic carbon content.