Abstract
Most clinical bone sonometers measure broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) in calcaneus. In addition, backscatter coefficient (BC) has been shown to have clinical utility. The objective of this work was to assess the extent to which ultrasonic measurements convey mechanical properties of cancellous bone. Twenty-five defatted human calcaneus samples were investigated in vitro. Normalized BUA (nBUA), SOS, and BC were measured using 500 kHz focused ultrasound transducers. Finite Element Analysis, based on micro-computed tomography images (Scanco microCT 100), was used to estimate stiffness and apparent modulus of the samples. Correlation coefficients from linear regressions were as follows: nBUA vs. stiffness—0.80 (p < 0.0001), nBUA vs. apparent modulus—0.81 (p < 0.0001), SOS vs. stiffness—0.80 (p < 0.0001), SOS vs. apparent modulus—0.84 (p < 0.0001), BC vs. stiffness—0.75 (p < 0.0001), and BC vs. apparent modulus—0.69 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ultrasonic measurements are very sensitive to mechanical properties of cancellous bone. The mention of commercial products, their sources, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as either an actual or implied endorsement of such products by the Department of Health and Human Services.
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