RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TRANSFORMATIONAL AND TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES, ROLE PRESSURES, STRESS LEVELS, AND COPING RESOURCES IN SENIOR QUEENSLAND CATHOLIC EDUCATION EXECUTIVES

Abstract

ABSTRACT There is considerable research available on general organizational leadership but limited research in relation to religious educational organizations and the leadership styles of executive staff. The Queensland Catholic Education (QCE) executives are thought to emphasize transformational more than transactional leadership styles but little information is available on the relationships of these styles to stress within the faith-based organizations, and to the role stressors faced and levels of coping resources. This paper reports on a study of 136 QCE executive leaders (of the total 220 executives) relating leadership styles adopted, strain (stress) experienced, personal coping resources, and selected role stressors (role conflict and role overload). Questionnaires used included the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Bass & Avolio), the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised (Osipow), and a demographics questionnaire (including position held, training, age and gender). Results confirm that the different leadership styles impact similarly in regards to experienced stress, and relation to role overload with role conflict. However, transformational leadership styles were related to high levels of Personal Coping Resources; while there was no relationship to coping resources in regards to Transactional Leadership styles. Of highest significance in the results of analyses of the inter-relationships, elevated stress reactions were associated not with leadership style but with role overload (r = .81) and role conflict (r =.29). Implications for practice and further exploration are outlined. Keywords leadership, role pressure, stress