Relationships among Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, Perceived Vulnerability, and Readiness to Quit Smoking in People Living with HIV.

Remington E. Donnelly,Bar-Zeev Yael,Cassandra Stanton,Danusha Selva Kumar,Erika Litvin Bloom,Richard A. Brown,Karen Tashima,Ana Abrantes,Jacki Hecht,Haruka Minami

doi:10.1155/2021/6697404

Abstract

Smoking-related diseases (e.g., lung cancer) are the leading cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients. While many PLWH who smoke report a desire to quit, a majority of them have low readiness to quit. This study used logistic and linear regression to examine the relations among two (continuous vs. binary) measures of readiness to quit, smoking cessation self-efficacy (SE), quality of life (QoL), and perceived vulnerability (PV) using baseline data from 100 PLWH who smoke who participated in a clinical trial. Results showed no significant main effects (SE, QoL, and PV) or interaction effects (SE × QoL and SE × PV) on a continuous measure of readiness to quit. However, a follow-up analysis revealed that SE had a curvilinear effect on readiness to quit such that self-efficacy was positively associated with readiness to quit except at the highest levels of self-efficacy where readiness to quit declined. Greater SE significantly increased the likelihood of reporting readiness to quit (yes/no) among those with low QoL or high PV. For PLWH who smoke, improving self-efficacy may increase readiness to quit especially among those with lower quality of life. Psychoeducation tailored to PLWH designed to reduce unrealistic invulnerability to smoking-related diseases along with interventions that target self-efficacy may improve readiness to quit.

Highlights

People living with HIV (PLWH) smoke cigarettes at a higher rate than the general population [1,2,3]
The current study examined the relationship among selfefficacy, quality of life, perceived vulnerability, and readiness to quit smoking in PLWH who smoke
We explored whether the relationship between self-efficacy and readiness to quit would be moderated by quality of life and perceived vulnerability

Summary

Introduction

People living with HIV (PLWH) smoke cigarettes at a higher rate than the general population [1,2,3]. While smoking prevalence declined to around 14.0% in the general population (CDC, 2017), it is estimated that more than 40% of PLWH are smokers [4]. That HIV treatment has reduced AIDS-related mortality rates [5, 6], cigarette smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among PLWH [4, 5, 7, 8]. Research has found that PLWH current smokers have significantly poorer. HIV treatment outcomes than former smokers [14] These findings emphasize the benefits of quitting smoking in improving health outcomes among PLWH. A significant proportion of PLWH who smoke report a desire to quit, but most do not have an immediate plan to quit smoking [2, 15,16,17], underscoring that desire to quit does not necessarily translate into readiness or a quit attempt

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion