Abstract
ABSTRACT Due to the nature of their work, tour leaders need to interact closely with the tour members; thus, the former are often subjected to emotional blackmail by the latter. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship among tour leaders’ perceived emotional blackmail, job frustration, and turnover intention. Licenced tour leaders were chosen as participants of this study and were asked to answer a self-administered survey questionnaire. A total of 355 valid questionnaires were collected at the end of the study period. The results showed that the higher the tour leaders’ perceived blackmail, the higher the job frustration and the turnover intention are. Furthermore, based on the results, job frustration has a positive effect on turnover intention.
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