Abstract
BackgroundDilated perivascular spaces (dPVS) are considered to be a type of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) as well as an important part of the glymphatic system. Although obesity has been shown to play a significant role in the development of CSVD, there are no studies addressing the correlation between obesity and dPVS. We aimed to study the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and dPVS in neurologically healthy cohorts.MethodsA total of 989 subjects, who were examined during a health examination project, were included in this study. We measured both visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas using abdominal computed tomography. The dPVS scores were also evaluated in the basal ganglia (BG) and the centrum semiovale (CSO).ResultsIn a multivariate ordinal regression analysis, the relationship between VAT area and CSO-dPVS scores remained significant (β [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.00003395] [0.00001074–0.00005716], P = 0.004), especially in male cohorts (β [95% CI] = 0.00004325 [0.00001772–0.00006878], P = 0.001) after adjusting for age; sex; and glucose, creatinine, uric acid, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels, while no association was found between SAT area and dPVS scores. The effects of quartile VAT area on CSO-dPVS were also significant in male cohorts (odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.33 [1.139 – 1.557], P < 0.001).ConclusionWe demonstrated a positive association between VAT and CSO-dPVS scores in a healthy cohort, which was more prominent in males.
Highlights
The spaces surrounding small blood vessels in the brain are termed perivascular spaces
In a multivariate ordinal regression analysis, the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area and centrum semiovale (CSO)-dilated perivascular space (dPVS) scores remained significant (β [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.00003395] [0.00001074–0.00005716], P = 0.004), especially in male cohorts (β [95% CI] = 0.00004325 [0.00001772–0.00006878], P = 0.001) after adjusting for age; sex; and glucose, creatinine, uric acid, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels, while no association was found between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area and dPVS scores
The effects of quartile VAT area on CSO-dPVS were significant in male cohorts
Summary
The spaces surrounding small blood vessels in the brain are termed perivascular spaces. Perivascular spaces are the most important part of the brain glymphatic drainage system and function as a communication network between cellular fluid and Abbreviations: CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; CT, computed tomography; dPVS, dilated perivascular spaces; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MR, magnetic resonance; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; TC, total cholesterol; TP, total protein; UN, urea nitrogen; VAT, visceral adipose tissue. When compensatory or pathologic enlargement occurs in perivascular spaces of the brain due to an impairment in the clearance of the glymphatic system in such a microenvironment, it manifests as dilated perivascular space (dPVS) and can be detected by both T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dilated perivascular spaces (dPVS) are considered to be a type of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) as well as an important part of the glymphatic system. We aimed to study the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and dPVS in neurologically healthy cohorts
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