Relationship of Type-2 Diabetes and Systemic Arterial Hypertension

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension is considered a significant cardiovascular risk factor and is found in up to 2/3rd of patients with T2DM. Multiple clinical trials and research studies have been done to check the benefits of controlled BP in the patients with T2DM. Studies showed that people with higher BP targets in diabetic patients have general recommendations of systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg. The multiple interlinked pathways are participated in the pathophysiological mechanisms that contributing to the increased risks of cardiovascular complications, including hypertension in diabetic patients. The therapeutic implications include pharma-cological and non-pharmacological interventions to control systemic arterial hypertension. Non-pharmacological approaches consist of lifestyle modifications, DASH diet, and sodium restriction. The pharmacological interventions include angiotensin inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide-type diuretics, and these drugs have proven effective against hypertension in diabetic patients. In addition, the management of blood pressure is another significant factor in controlling hypertension, and this helps in monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment. Furthermore, Telehealth and Renal Denervation are two practical approaches that have been used in RCTs for BP control in hypertensive patients and have shown effective results.