Abstract
ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of probable attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with novelty seeking (NS), the severity of psychopathology and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a sample of male patients with opioid use disorder (OUD).METHODSParticipants included 229 patients with OUD. Participants were evaluated with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and NS subscale of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). In addition, BPD was assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Personality Disorders (SCID-II).RESULTSAge, duration of education, marital and employment status did not differ between those with probable ADHD (n = 54, 23.1%) and those without (n = 175, 76.9%). The severity of psychopathology, NS and subdimensions (other than NS1, which was lower) were higher among those with the probable ADHD. ADHD scores were midly correlated with NS scores, other than NS...
Highlights
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and inattention (IN) that negatively impacts one’s ability to function and fulfil social and personal obligations [1]
If we focus on opioid use disorder (OUD), few studies reported the effect of ADHD on patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Western countries [26,27,28] in Israel [29] and in Taiwan [30]
The rate of high ADHD risk found in this study (23.1%) was in concordance with the rates found among patients with OUD in previous studies, which ranged between 21.4% [29] and 24.9% [28]
Summary
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and inattention (IN) that negatively impacts one’s ability to function and fulfil social and personal obligations [1]. Individuals with ADHD and SUD comorbidity are at greater risk for more negative outcomes [7] and poor treatment outcomes for both SUD and ADHD [8]. There is considerable evidence that high novelty seekers are at increased risk for using substance of abuse relative to low novelty seekers [11,12], NS represents a vulnerability factor for SUD in general [13,14], predicts early-onset SUD [15], is associated with the amount of substance used and severity of SUD [16] and a risk factor for dropping out of treatment [17]. Additional psychopathology seems to increase the risk of high NS among those with SUD [18]
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