Abstract
Though sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is known to promote oxidative stress, there is paucity of information on the relationship between oxidative stress and vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship of oxidative stress and antioxidant response with VOC in SCA. A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu Nigeria involving 116 individuals which included 36 SCA subject, 40 sickle cell carriers (AS) and 40 healthy individuals (AA). Baseline information as well as the frequency of VOC was obtained from the participants and anaemia as well as oxidative stress and antioxidant indices were assessed in blood. Anaemia was prevalent (88.9 %) in SCA individuals compared to AS (52.5%) and AA (47.5 %) individuals. Nitric oxide scavenging (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as glutathione level were significantly (p<0.005) lower while catalase activity was higher in SCA individuals compared to controls (AA and AS). Higher malondialdehyde (MDA) level was associated with very severe VOC while low level of NOS activity was associated with severe VOC in SCA individuals. Sickle cell anaemia exhibited oxidative stress and alteration in the levels of antioxidant indices which was possibly associated with vaso-occlusive crisis.
Highlights
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder which is of major health concern especially in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Americas
In sickle cell anaemia (SCA), there is recurrent polymerization of HbS and depolymerization which leads to the autoxidation of HbS and increased metabolic turnover that result in increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
This finding is in accordance with previous works which have shown glutathione level to be significantly reduced in SCD patients[43] with some studies presenting about 50% decrease of glutathione level in sickle erythrocytes compared with normal erythrocytes[44]
Summary
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder which is of major health concern especially in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Americas. The severity, frequency and duration of these complications vary from person to person and are potentially lethal One of such complications is the vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), a condition caused by the accumulation of sickle-shaped RBCs in capillaries obstructing and restricting blood flow into organs, thereby resulting in pain, ischaemia and often leads to organ damage[9]. This blockage of capillaries induces the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes thereby promoting chronic pro-inflammatory response[10].
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