Abstract
The medial longitudinal arch height of the foot is linked to individual characteristics such as sex and body mass index, and these characteristics have been shown to be associated with conditions such as flat feet. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we examined the medial longitudinal arch morphology in an adult population to determine if there are differences related to sex and body mass index, and values were obtained for the foot posture index. Normalized anthropometric measurements and arch indices were calculated from footprints. Groups, defined by sex and body mass index, were compared, and the correlations between body mass index and the variables were determined. In the population studied (266 women and 177 men), significant differences between men and women for the foot posture index and normalized arch measurements were found. Analysis of the variables related to body mass index indicated there were significant differences in arch indices. Significant differences and positive correlations were also found between the arch index and body mass index for the left and right feet among the men and women studied. The results obtained allow us to reflect on and analyze whether the medial longitudinal arch morphology classification methods used in the clinical and research setting are adequate or whether the influence of factors such as body mass index can generate confusion.
Highlights
Studies of flat feet [1,2,3] have linked medial longitudinal arch (MLA) morphology to individual characteristics such as sex, race, age, foot dimensions, and body mass index (BMI)
Flat foot studies point to BMI as an associated factor [3,14,15], but the alteration of footprint morphology caused by increases in BMI [16] can cause confusion if these
Analysis of the variables related to BMI indicated that there were significant differences between the sexes for the arch index
Summary
Studies of flat feet [1,2,3] have linked medial longitudinal arch (MLA) morphology to individual characteristics such as sex, race, age, foot dimensions, and body mass index (BMI). Recent systematic revisions and meta-analyses [4,5], have revealed there is no internationally agreed-upon clinical method for classifying MLA height (not involving the use of ionizing radiation), making it difficult to draw conclusions from evidence linking different MLA morphologies with individual characteristics, and with foot and lower limb conditions. Physiological characteristics, such as sexual dimorphism of the pelvis and lower limbs and sexually determined differences in ligament laxity and joint mobility [6], can affect. Flat foot studies point to BMI as an associated factor [3,14,15], but the alteration of footprint morphology caused by increases in BMI [16] can cause confusion if these
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