Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a frequently encountered endocrine disorder in clinical practice. Besides its traditional role in bone health, vitamin D has been shown to have favorable effects in a variety of different systems due to its pleiotropic qualities and ubiquitous receptor expression. Over the years, researchers have been fascinated by the intricate molecular interplay between vitamin D and thyroid. In this regard, attempts have emerged to demonstrate the role of vitamin D in thyroid disorders. This article has reviewed the existing literature on the role of vitamin D in hypothyroidism. We explored studies discussing the physiological interactions between vitamin D and thyroid, as well as the clinical consequences, supplemental and prognostic relevancy of vitamin D in auto-immune thyroid disease (AITD) and hypothyroidism.
Highlights
BackgroundHypothyroidism is a common pathological disease of thyroid hormone deficiency, with a prevalence in the general population between 0·3% and 3·7% in the United States and between 0·2% and 5·3% in Europe [1,2,3,4,5]
We explored studies discussing the physiological interactions between vitamin D and thyroid, as well as the clinical consequences, supplemental and prognostic relevancy of vitamin D in auto-immune thyroid disease (AITD) and hypothyroidism
A very recent observational study discovered no association between vitamin D and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); the findings suggested that there may be a subtle decrease in vitamin D levels associated with overt hypothyroidism [101]
Summary
Hypothyroidism is a common pathological disease of thyroid hormone deficiency, with a prevalence in the general population between 0·3% and 3·7% in the United States and between 0·2% and 5·3% in Europe [1,2,3,4,5]. When the association between 25(OH)D and anti-TPO antibody levels were examined with and without correcting for age, it revealed a significant inverse correlation (r - 0.08, P = 0.04) when corrected for age [42] The findings of this investigation might be comparable to those of another study done in Thailand by Chailurkit et al, who reported that high vitamin D status in younger adults is related to low circulating TSH [43]. Talaei et al studied the effects of vitamin D supplementation on thyroid function in hypothyroid patients and reported that 12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with primary hypothyroidism was associated with an independent reduction in serum TSH levels [119].
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