Relationship Between Visceral Adipose Tissue and Adiponectin, Inflammatory Markers and Thyroid Hormones in Obese Males with Hepatosteatosis and Insulin Resistance

Abstract

In our detailed analysis of the recent academic publications, we have not found sufficient evidence regarding the changes of metabolism that occur in cases of insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the changes in various biomarkers of obese patients by taking into consideration the IR and NAFLD, which occur increasingly together. Obese male patients included in the study (n = 315) were divided into three groups. Group I was determined as mild pathology (n = 129; HOMA-IR ≥2.5 and grade 0 or HOMA-IR <2.5 and grade 1-2 hepatosteatosis), group II as moderate pathology (n = 145; HOMA-IR ≥2.5 and grade 1-2 or HOMA-IR <4 and grade 3 hepatosteatosis) and group III as severe pathology (n = 41; HOMA-IR ≥4 and grade 3 hepatosteatosis). Waist circumference (WC), percent body fat (%BF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue (SCAT), thyroid volume (Tvol), thyroid hormones, insulin, adiponectin, fibrinogen and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) were measured in all patients. A negative correlation between adiponectin and HOMA-IR was found (r = -0.4226; p <0.001). In addition, there were significant differences among all three groups with respect to VAT (p <0.01). Moreover total-triiodo-L-thyronine (TT3) and free-triiodo-L-thyronine (fT3) levels were observed first to decrease in group II compared to group I and then to increase in group III (p <0.001). Fibrinogen and us-CRP levels in group III were significantly higher (p <0.001). TT3 and fT3 levels as well as adiponectin, fibrinogen and us-CRP levels may be affected by the relationship between IR and NAFLD in obese patients. Moreover, increased VAT is a more important risk factor than WC, %BF and BMI, with respect to IR and NAFLD.