Relationship between urinary heavy metals with metabolic syndrome and its components in population from Hoveyzeh cohort study: A case-control study in Iran

Abstract

BackgroundThe incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been growing rapidly and is rising to pandemic proportions. Although obesity is a primary risk factor for the enhancement of these conditions, not all obese individuals develop metabolic syndrome, indicating that the risk for developing MetS is impacted by other genetic and/or environmental factors such as heavy metals. Therefore, the present study focused on the association between exposures to heavy metal and MetS. MethodsUrine samples were collected from 150 participants (75 patients with MetS and 75 healthy participants), which were used from Hoveyzeh Cohort center. To make a quantitative comparison between the two groups, Man-Whitney nonparametric test was used. The logistic regression was performed adjusted for age, demographic, lifestyle factor, physical activity, occupational history and urine creatinine. ResultsThe results of logistic regression showed that OR and 95 % CI for Cd, Pb, Sr, As and Fe concentration were still significant after adjusting for urine creatinine. Moreover, there was a relationship between Cd and Pb levels and waist circumstance (WC). After adjusting for urine creatinine, age, sex, occupation, smoking status, education and place of residence, only Pb concentration was showed a significant association with systolic blood pressure (SBP). The subjects with high urine level of Cd had the high odds (OR: 6.273; 95 % Cl: 1.783–22.070) of MetS and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). The relationship between As concentration and high fasting blood sugars confirmed the previous evidence suggesting that high As level can cause diabetes. ConclusionThese results indicated that outbreak of MetS and its component are associated with heavy metal concentrations in urine.