Relationship between the subjective age, higher-life function, and new certification as needing long-term care in community-dwelling older adults: The KAGUYA project longitudinal survey of older adults

Abstract

To determine the relationship between the subjective age, higher-life function, and new certification for the need for long-term care among older adults in the community. A mail survey was conducted in 2016 among community-dwelling older adults, and the 2,323 participants who were available for follow-up in 2019 were included in the analysis. Subjective age was evaluated using the following three items in response to the question "Please answer how old you feel you are": "Same as actual age," "Feel younger," and "Feel older." Other assessments included an evaluation of the higher-life function, Geriatric Depression Scale scores, general self-efficacy, and exercise adherence. In addition, at follow-up, we investigated whether or not participants required new certification for the need for long-term care. At baseline, participants who felt "older than their actual age" had a significantly lower life function and general self-efficacy and were less likely to exercise at least once a week than the other groups. Furthermore, those who felt "older than their actual age" was more likely than the other groups to be newly certified as needing long-term care, while those who felt "younger than their actual age" were less likely to receive new certification. A logistic regression analysis revealed that "feeling older" was a risk factor for being certified as needing long-term care, even after adjusting for other factors (odds ratio= 3.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-10.94, p=0.047). Among community-dwelling older adults, those with a subjective age exceeding their chronological age were expected to show a decreased life function in the future and an increased risk of needing long-term care.