Abstract
Seashore paspalum is a major warm-season turfgrass requiring frequent mowing. The use of dwarf cultivars with slow growth is a promising method to decrease mowing frequency. The present study was conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of T51 dwarfing in the phenylpropane pathway and to screen the key genes related to dwarfing. For this purpose, we obtained transcriptomic information based on RNA-Seq and proteomic information based on iTRAQ for the dwarf mutant T51 of seashore paspalum. The combined results of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis were used to identify the differential expression pattern of genes at the translational and transcriptional levels. A total of 8311 DEGs were detected at the transcription level, of which 2540 were upregulated and 5771 were downregulated. Based on the transcripts, 2910 proteins were identified using iTRAQ, of which 392 (155 upregulated and 237 downregulated) were DEPs. The phenylpropane pathway was found to be significantly enriched at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Combined with the decrease in lignin content and the increase in flavonoid content in T51, we found that the dwarf phenotype of T51 is closely related to the abnormal synthesis of lignin and flavonoids in the phenylpropane pathway. CCR and HCT may be the key genes for T51 dwarf. This study provides the basis for further study on the dwarfing mechanism of seashore paspalum. The screening of key genes lays a foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanism of seashore paspalum dwarfing.
Highlights
Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a perennial herb of Paspalum L., which is native to North and South America [1]
The relationship between the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and their corresponding genes is shown in Table 4, in which two DEPs are annotated as phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), one DEP is annotated as 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), two DEPs are annotated as cinnamoy1-CoA reductase (CCR), one DEP is annotated as hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), four DEPs are annotated as UGT72E, one DEP is annotated as BRT1, one DEP is annotated as F5H, and eight DEPs are annotated as peroxidase
Since two DEPs were upregulated in the flavonoid pathway (Table S4), and three DEPs were downregulated in the lignin synthesis pathway, the contents of flavonoid and lignin differed between T51 and WT
Summary
Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a perennial herb of Paspalum L., which is native to North and South America [1]. An important agronomic trait, has been studied extensively in field crops and model plants such as rice (Oryza sativa Larfism) [4], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [5], and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) [6].It has been shown that most dwarfing genes regulate the balance of endogenous phytohormone(s) to disturb cell proliferation and/or cell expansion, resulting in dwarfism [7,8,9,10] In addition to these phytohormone-related dwarfing genes and mechanisms, the phenylpropanoid pathway is involved in dwarfism [11,12]. We combined RNA-Seq and iTRAQ to construct unique transcripts and proteomes of T51 and WT and screened dwarfism-related genes and proteins to understand the dwarfing mechanism of T51. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first transcriptome and proteome profile for dwarfing mutants of seashore paspalum, laying the foundation for screening the genes related to turf dwarfs in the future
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