Abstract
An increasing body of studies suggests that bilingual persons are better than monolinguals on a variety of cognitive measures. Thus, the present study investigates the relationship between the onset age of bilingual and the development of cognitive control among Nigerians. 10 bilingual students studying at University Putra Malaysia have been selected to participate in this study. They are divided into two groups: 5 early and 5 late bilinguals. The data are collected using online English proficiency test and E-prime software as instruments. Both groups are examined for English proficiency and performance on a flanker task. The result demonstrates that early bilinguals are more proficient in English than late bilinguals. Moreover, early bilingual performs better than late bilingual on flanker task. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that being early active bilinguals tend to have greater advantages in cognitive control and higher language proficiency. Keywords: onset age, bilingualism, and cognitive control
Highlights
Language propensity (Aptitude) is theorized as a mixture of cognitive and perceptual capacities that are very much advantageous in second language acquisition (SLA) (Doughty et al, 2007). Carroll (1993) sees this pattern of capacities (p. 675) and maintained that they were to some extent inborn, fairly steady and moderately long-term characters
Cognitive controls advantages of bilingualism have been demonstrated using multiple cognitive tasks and found out that among bilinguals speaking a variety of language pairs, others are balanced bilinguals while other are not, suggesting that these effects are not limited to a single task or particular language pairing (Thompson, & Ungerleider, 2010)
The reporting age was considered to be the onset age of active bilingualism. Bilinguals reported that they started active bilingualism before 10, and late bilinguals reported that their onset age of active bilingualism was after the age of 10
Summary
Language propensity (Aptitude) is theorized as a mixture of cognitive and perceptual capacities that are very much advantageous in second language acquisition (SLA) (Doughty et al, 2007). Carroll (1993) sees this pattern of capacities (p. 675) and maintained that they were to some extent inborn, fairly steady and moderately long-term characters. Language propensity (Aptitude) is theorized as a mixture of cognitive and perceptual capacities that are very much advantageous in second language acquisition (SLA) (Doughty et al, 2007). There is some understanding that language aptitude includes diverse cognitive abilities, it has been theorized in many ways in SLA, and separately they have distinctive implications at the measurement level. An increasing body of studies suggests that bilingual persons are better than monolinguals on a variety of cognitive measures (Craik, & Ryan, 2006). These advantages, which have been considered as advantages in cognitive control, have been documented across the lifespan. Cognitive controls advantages of bilingualism have been demonstrated using multiple cognitive tasks and found out that among bilinguals speaking a variety of language pairs, others are balanced bilinguals while other are not, suggesting that these effects are not limited to a single task or particular language pairing (Thompson, & Ungerleider, 2010)
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