Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the number of deaths due to renal failure and air temperature parameters in Hokkaido (the northernmost region) and Okinawa (the southernmost region) prefectures, Japan. Methods: Monthly data on the number of deaths due to renal failure between January 2008 and December 2016 and annual population data were collected from the Hokkaido and Okinawa official prefecture websites. Air temperature parameters were obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The relationship between the number of deaths due to renal failure and air temperature parameters was evaluated by an ecological study. Results: The number of deaths due to renal failure (per 100,000 people/month) in Hokkaido and Okinawa were 2.28 ± 0.30 and 1.17 ± 0.31. In Hokkaido, the number of deaths due to renal failure negatively correlated with air temperature parameters in both sexes. The number of deaths due to renal failure was significantly higher in January than from June to September in all subjects. However, in Okinawa, no significant difference was observed among months. Conclusions: The present results suggest that the relationship between the number of deaths due to renal failure and air temperature parameters differs between Hokkaido and Okinawa.
Highlights
The number of deaths in Japan has been increasing [1], and the number of deaths due to renal failure per 100,000 people/month) in 2018 was 26,080 (21%), which ranked as the eighth leading cause of death in Japan [2]
All air temperature parameters were significantly lower in Hokkaido than in Okinawa (Table 1)
We investigated the relationship between the number of deaths due to renal failure and air temperature parameters (Table 2)
Summary
The number of deaths in Japan has been increasing [1], and the number of deaths due to renal failure per 100,000 people/month) in 2018 was 26,080 (21%), which ranked as the eighth leading cause of death in Japan [2]. Many factors have been reported to affect renal failure [4,5,6,7] Environmental factors, such as air temperature parameters, have been associated with the number of deaths due to renal failure [8,9,10,11,12]. Consistent with this finding, we previously reported that the number of deaths due to renal failure was closely associated with air temperature parameters and was significantly higher in January than in other months in Gifu prefecture, which is centrally located in
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