Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to establish a relationship between the Normative Need for Orthodontic Treatment (NNOT) and oral health among Mexican adolescents aged 13–15 years old. A convenience sample of 424 subjects in Mexico City participated in the study. The dependent variable used was NNOT, which was determined via the dental health component (grades 4 and 5) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The variables for oral health were as follows: caries experience, oral hygiene, self-reported temporomandibular joint pain, and self-reported bruxism. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine the association between NNOT and oral health. The prevalence of NNOT was 66.0% (280/424), and the crowding was the most prevalent occlusal anomaly with 36.1% (n = 135). Multivariate models showed that subjects with NNOT were more than twice as likely to present poor hygiene (OR = 2.56; p = 0.001) as subjects presenting crowding (>4 mm) (OR = 1.99; p = 0.004) and increased overjet (>6 mm) (OR = 1.74; p = 0.046). Those schoolchildren who presented anterior guidance were 72% less likely to present NNOT (OR = 0.28; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the risk of presenting NNOT in Mexican adolescents is high, with a prevalence of over 50% of which the most prevalent occlusal anomaly was crowding. On the other hand, poor oral hygiene was associated with crowding and increased overjet.
Highlights
A malocclusion is defined as the malposition of the maxillary and mandibular teeth to such an extent that it impedes the efficiency of the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication [1]
A recent systematic review showed that adolescents with very severe malocclusion were more likely to experience pain in their jaws or mouths, bleeding gums, or food trapped in their teeth [3]
The evaluation of the need for orthodontic treatment in a community must be accompanied by knowledge of its impact on oral health; the objective of the present study was to establish a relationship between Normative Need for Orthodontic Treatment (NNOT) and the oral health of Mexican adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old
Summary
A malocclusion is defined as the malposition of the maxillary and mandibular teeth to such an extent that it impedes the efficiency of the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication [1]. A recent systematic review showed that adolescents with very severe malocclusion were more likely to experience pain in their jaws or mouths, bleeding gums, or food trapped in their teeth [3]. Orthodontic treatment indexes are required to both acquire descriptive data on the distribution of treatment needs in populations, and to establish treatment priorities [9,10]. In these sense, the most commonly used indexes in epidemiological studies are the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) [11,12]. Public Health 2020, 17, 8107; doi:10.3390/ijerph17218107 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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