Relationship between Stress and Feeding Behaviors in Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities.

Abstract

Background: Controlling feeding practices are associated with negative child eating behaviors and an increased risk of obesity. Parental stress may be related to feeding practices. Children with developmental disabilities have increased obesity prevalence, and families may also experience increased stress. This study examined the relationship between family stress and parental feeding practices in children with developmental disabilities and how concern for the child's weight may moderate this relationship. Methods: Secondary analysis using a descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Parents of children aged 5 to 15 years, with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), or spina bifida (SB) were recruited nationally. Demographics, the Child Feeding Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress were completed online. Analysis included regression with an empirical Bayesian effects model. Results: Five hundred twenty-three parents, 186 (ASD), 173 (DS) and 164 (SB), participated. Family stressors were associated with the use of controlling feeding practices. Direct effects included: (1) physical incapacitation on restriction and pressure to eat (ASD and DS); (2) pessimism (ASD) and concerns about child overweight (SB) on pressure to eat; and (3) parent/family problems on restriction (DS). Concern for child overweight moderated these relationships and resulted in two interactions (DS and SB). Conclusion: Understanding the relationship of family stressors with parental feeding practices and the role of parental concern for child overweight can potentially optimize feeding in this high-risk population. This study highlights the need to provide family-centered care with awareness of stress and its potential association with daily activities and children's health.