Abstract
Common fetal parameters for gestational age (GA) estimation have pitfalls especially in advanced pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by fetal structural anomaly. To assess the relationship between umbilical cord size and gestational age of the fetus. A sonographic cross sectional study involving 300 pregnant women with GA between 14 weeks to 40 weeks was done in Enugu, Nigeria. Gestational ages were first estimated by use of Naegele's formula for GA estimation based on the date of onset of each subject's last menstrual period. Fetal parameters such as biparietal diameter, femur length, head circumference and abdominal circumference were measured and also used to estimate GA. Umbilical cord diameters were measured and used to compute the umbilical cord cross-sectional area. The mean umbilical cord diameter and cross-sectional area were 14.5mm ± 7.2mm and 201.6mm ± 139.5mm(2) respectively. Umbilical cord growth rate of 1.0mm/week was noted between the 14(th) and 35(th) week of pregnancy. There were significant correlations (p < 0.001) between umbilical cord size and other fetal parameters for GA estimation. Umbilical cord size had strong linear relationship with common fetal GA estimation parameters and could be used to compliment these parameters for GA estimation.
Highlights
Accurate knowledge of the gestational age (GA) is an important determinant of both antenatal care and successful delivery of babies
Gestational ages were first estimated by use of Naegele’s formula for GA estimation based on the date of onset of each subject’s last menstrual period
Gestation lasts for about 40 weeks (280 days) with the GA being calculated from the first day of onset of the woman’s last menstrual period (LMP)
Summary
Accurate knowledge of the gestational age (GA) is an important determinant of both antenatal care and successful delivery of babies. Gestational age is a vital factor in the interpretation of biochemical screening tests such as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), Alfa feto protein (AFP), estrogen and progesterone levels. Accurate knowledge of these and other maternal serum markers is required in the assessment of fetal. Gestational ages were first estimated by use of Naegele’s formula for GA estimation based on the date of onset of each subject’s last menstrual period. Fetal parameters such as biparietal diameter, femur length, head circumference and abdominal circumference were measured and used to estimate GA.
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