Abstract
Monitoring of trace elements in soil provides efficient way to assess the qualitative and quantitative differences in element concentrations at different sites within a region. The aim of the study was to assess levels of trace elements regarding accumulation of the metals, as well as investigate whether of the soil factors (chemical and physical) which influence trace element concentrations in soil. The physico-chemical parameters (viz. pH, EC, MC, OC, and textural class) and trace elements concentrations i.e Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in the soils from caly loam region in west AL-Fashir city, Western Sudan. The top soil of this region is predominantly loamy sand. The soil pH varies within the acidic or slightly neutral and range between 6.62 – 7.72. The EC values were found to vary between 0.155-0.360. OC is very low (mean 0.081±0.007). MC range between 0.230 – 0.430%. Average trace element concentrations decreased according to: Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Zn. The sub-soil of this region is predominantly loamy sand. The soil pH varies within the range 6.02-7.10. The EC values were found between 0.162-0.275. OC is very low (mean 0.093+0.020). MC range between 0.230-0.430%. Average trace element concentrations decreased according to: Fe -Mn-Cr-Zn. The t-test showed that, elemental pairs: Ni-Cd, Cd-Cr, Mn-Cr, Pb-Cd, Cu-Cr, Cu-Cd, Cu-Mn, Zn-Cd, Fe-Mn, Fe-Pb, Fe-Cr, and Fe-Mo were showed significant differences in their concentrations in the study region, top-soil. In the top-soil, pH was high positively correlated with silt (r=0.760), whereas in the sub-soil, pH was highly positive correlated with EC (r= 0.755). The extraction of trace elements from soils of North Darfur for industrial use (especially, Fe, Cr and Cu) should be investigated.
Highlights
Soil is a natural body, differentiated into horizons of minerals and organic constituents, usually unconsolidated, of variable depth, which differs from the parent material below the morphology, physical properties and constitution, chemical properties and composition and biological characteristics.Different soils have varying potential to support different land use types
Soil samples were collected from West AL-Fashir, North Darfur, Western Sudan at the 0-20 cm depth (Top-soil) and the Sub-soil
It can be concluded that the physico-chemical analysis of soil samples under study showed variable concentration of various parameters
Summary
Soil is a natural body, differentiated into horizons of minerals and organic constituents, usually unconsolidated, of variable depth, which differs from the parent material below the morphology, physical properties and constitution, chemical properties and composition and biological characteristics. Different soils have varying potential to support different land use types. The productivity of a soil depends largely on its physico-chemical properties. These properties are as a result of the interaction among the soil forming factors. Where the relative influence of these factors differs, it will give rise to different kinds of soils with different productivity potential. In order to derive the maximum benefit from a soil, it is necessary to know its physical and chemical properties
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