Abstract
Abstract Background To explore the relationship between serum cystatin C (CysC) and arteriosclerotic indicators such as brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), ankle brachial index (ABI), and augmentation index (AIx) in hypertensive patients with normal renal function. Methods From January 2017 to May 2019, 2,486 hypertensive patients with normal renal function were recruited and grouped according to CysC quartile, age, blood pressure, and whether or not taking antihypertensive drugs. Analysis of variance, χ2 test, Pearson correlation, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to clarify the relationship between CysC and arteriosclerosis indicators. Results As CysC levels increased, the incidence of baPWV ≥1.4 m/s and cfPWV >10 m/s increased gradually (P < 0.05). With increasing age and blood pressure classification, the incidence of baPWV ≥1.4 m/s and cfPWV >10 m/s as well as ABI and AIx gradually increased (P < 0.05). The incidence of cfPWV >10 m/s and AIx in patients taking antihypertensive drugs were higher than those in patients not taking antihypertensive drugs (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that CysC was weakly correlated with baPWV and cfPWV (r = 0.334, 0.283, P < 0.05), and had no significant correlation with ABI and AIx (r = 0.013, −0.005, P > 0.05). After adjusting for various factors, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with quartile 1 CysC patients, odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of baPWV ≥1.4 m/s in quartile 4 group was 2.51 (1.47–4.31) while OR (95% CI) of cfPWV >10 m/s in quartile 2, 3, and 4 groups were 1.60 (1.03–2.48), 1.96 (1.25–3.08), and 2.11 (1.30–3.43), respectively. For per standard deviation increase of CysC, the OR (95% CI) of baPWV ≥1.4 m/s and cfPWV >10 m/s were 1.25(1.04–1.51) and 1.31 (1.10–1.56), respectively. Conclusions CysC is an independent predictor of increased baPWV and cfPWV in hypertensive patients with normal renal function.
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