Relationship between Serum Cystatin C and Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Normal Renal Function

Abstract

Objective: Several studies showed that increased arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is known as a marker for large vessel stiffness. Recent studies show that serum cystatin C is associated with PWV and may predict future cardiovascular events, even in subjects with normal renal function. However, there have been few studies for the relationship between cystatin C and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this study, we inves tigated the relationship between serum cystatin C and branchial-ankle PWV in T2DM patients with normal renal function. Methods: Patients with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) higher than 300 μg albumin/mg creatinine, estimated glomerular fil tration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min were excluded. A total of 88 patients (47 male/41 female; age, 59 ± 2 years; ACR, 33 ± 5 μg/ mg) were included. Doppler-derived aortic PWV and serum cystatin C were measured. Results: Cystatin C is significantly related to age (r = 0.51, P < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (r = -0.23, P < 0.05), high density lipoproteincholesterol (r = -0.22, P < 0.05), apoprotein A (r = -0.22, P < 0.05), and eGFR (r = -0.56, P < 0.001). Aortic PWV is significantly associated with age (r = 0.29, P < 0.01), cystatin C (r = 0.33, P < 0.005), and eGFR (r = -0.24, P < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis, there is signifi cant association between aortic PWV and serum cystatin C levels. Conclusion: Serum cystatin C is significantly associated with arterial stiffness in T2DM patients with normal renal function. Our re sults suggest that cystatin C could be a marker for early atherosclerosis in T2DM patients.