Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We evaluated 235 patients with type 2 DM in a cross-sectional study. Significantly increased levels of the plasma GDF-15 were found in individuals with diabetic retinopathy versus those without. According to the degree of diabetic retinopathy, there was a significant difference in the average plasma GDF-15 levels (no diabetic retinopathy, 1114 ng/L; nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1327 ng/L; proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1445 ng/L; p for trend = 0.035) after adjustments for confounders. Logistic regression analyses indicated that plasma GDF-15 concentrations were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio per 1 standard deviation increment in the log-transformed value, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.03, p = 0.032). Our study showed a significant positive relationship between plasma GDF-15 concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients.
Highlights
The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)
The patients with diabetic retinopathy had a higher prevalence of hypertension, lower body mass index (BMI), higher HbA1c levels, a longer duration of DM, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and higher albumin excretion rate (AER) than those without
Our study found that plasma GDF-15 concentrations were independently and positively associated with diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 DM
Summary
The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Increased levels of the plasma GDF-15 were found in individuals with diabetic retinopathy versus those without. Our study showed a significant positive relationship between plasma GDF-15 concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients. The association GDF-15 levels and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients is not clear. Investigating whether GDF15 is implicated in the risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients is warranted. The purpose of our study was to examine the association between plasma GDF-15 concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 DM
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