Abstract
A total of 80% of fibromyalgia (FM) population have reported poor sleep. In this regard, the pineal gland, involved in circadian rhythm processes as a key neuroendocrine organ which mainly synthesises and secretes melatonin, has never been studied before in this population. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the parenchyma pineal volume and its relation to sleep hours, sleep quality index and melatonin level at night. A total of 50 participants, 30 women with FM and 20 healthy control women underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging. The total pineal volume, cyst pineal volume and parenchyma pineal volume were manually calculated in cubic millimetres. Also, the total pineal volume was estimated using Hasehawa method. Parenchyma pineal volume was significantly correlated with sleep hours (p-value = 0.041) and nocturnal melatonin level (p-value = 0.027). Moreover, there was also a non-significant correlation between parenchyma pineal volume and sleep quality index (p-value = 0.055). Furthermore, a mean parenchyma pineal volume of 102.00 (41.46) mm³ was observed, with a prevalence of 29.60% cyst in FM group. This is the first study that has reported pineal gland volumes, cyst prevalence and correlative relationships between parenchyma pineal volume and sleep hours and melatonin levels in women with FM.
Highlights
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease, which affects between 2.9% and 4.7% of the European population (Branco et al, 2010), most of them being women (Walitt et al, 2015)
The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire revised (FIQ-R) indicated that participants had a value of 56.01 (17.94), which corresponds to mild severity symptoms
The present study was aimed to investigate the pineal volume of women with FM as well as to establish relationships between sleep hours and nocturnal melatonin levels in this population
Summary
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease, which affects between 2.9% and 4.7% of the European population (Branco et al, 2010), most of them being women (Walitt et al, 2015). FM is characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain associated with different symptoms, such as sleeping problems, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stiffness and poor physical fitness (Wolfe et al, 2010). All these symptoms have a significant impact on both the ability to perform activities of daily living (Huijnen et al, 2015) and the quality of life of women with FM (Mas et al, 2008). In this regard, FM patients experience sleep disorder (Wolfe et al, 1990) and sleep disturbances (Wu et al, 2017), and almost 80% of FM population have reported poor sleep (Bennett et al, 2007; Jacobson et al, 2015). This is relevant since sleeprelated problems are strongly associated with the severity of the symptoms (Choy, 2015)
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