Abstract
Abstract Aim: Dyskinesia is a hyperkinetic abnormal involuntary movement (AIM), like chorea, dystonia, athetosis, and ballism. AIM can occur in Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD), tardive dyskinesia (TD) schizophrenia, and paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxDs). This review describes the effects of physical activity and exercise adaptation (e.g., rehabilitation) in the most varied forms of dyskinesias in an attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of physical exercise on this disorder. Methods: English-language articles available in the database PubMed electronics were examined. The following indexes were adopted with different combinations: LID and exercise; TD and exercise PED and exercise. Manual searches were performed in the references of the articles related to the chosen topic. Results. The relationship between many types of dyskinesia and exercise is poorly explored. The practice of physical activity showed antidyskinetic effects in Parkinson's LID, with well-described the biological mechanisms. Conclusion: Acute exercise does not modify the abnormal respiratory patterns in TD, and it reveals a normal response to progressive training and inspiratory time. Sustained walking or running may induce a type of paroxysmal dyskinesia in the healthy subjects, which was explored by us in this review.
Highlights
Dyskinesia refers to various unintentional, involuntary, rhythmic, and uncontrollable movements that can diminish or impair voluntary movements
This abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) after L-DOPA treatment is known as a L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID)
Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxDs) triggered by sudden body movements, as well as paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED) that is triggered by continuous physical effort
Summary
Dyskinesia refers to various unintentional, involuntary, rhythmic, and uncontrollable movements that can diminish or impair voluntary movements. Muscle incoordination can occur internally, with the respiratory muscles, and it may often understudy[3,4] This motor disorder can affect each one in different forms, considering time, frequency, and severity. Dyskinesia may occur in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may result from the disease process itself more as a consequence of the side effect of levodopa medication used to treat the disease symptoms[1,6,7] This abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) after L-DOPA treatment is known as a L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). PxDs triggered by sudden body movements, as well as paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED) that is triggered by continuous physical effort. We attempted to review the evidence reported in clinical studies and experimental models to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of physical exercise
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