Abstract
The Land Surface Temperature (LST) of a park is lower than the surrounding environment, and thus the parkland forms a Park Cool Island (PCI). However, more case studies are needed to reveal the relationship between park composition, vegetation characteristic and PCI development. The LST and Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) of 18 different sized parks in Changzhou, China were obtained from Landsat-8 and Mapworld Changzhou data. Then, a sample investigation method was used to calculate vegetation characteristics of these parks by an i-Tree Eco model. In order to reduce the impact from the external environment on PCI, the Temperature Drop Amplitude (TDA) and Temperature Drop Range (TR) inside the parks were analyzed by ArcGIS 9.3. Impact factors were tested by Pearson correlation analysis and curve fit to reveal the relationship between these factors and PCI formation. The result shows that a park area threshold of 1.34 to 17 hectares provides the best PCI effect, that park shape (perimeter/area), Leaf Area Index (LAI), density, tree cover, water cover, and impervious surface cover have significant correlation with PCI development, vegetation health and global climate change affect the PCI development. Advice is proposed to improve and maintain PCI effects.
Highlights
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has become more serious with the growth of urban areas and global climate change [1,2]
When a park is larger than 12 hectares, each hectare’s increase in park size leads to an increase in Temperature Drop Range (TDR) of about 2 m
The lower the internal temperature of a green park, the stronger its Park Cool Island (PCI) effect, and the greater impact its PCI has on the cooling range and Temperature Drop Amplitude (TDA) of the nearby roads, buildings, and other areas outside the park
Summary
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has become more serious with the growth of urban areas and global climate change [1,2]. Studies have shown that the spatial extent and population of urban areas are increasing globally, and that the growth is expected to continue beyond the year 2100 [3,4]. Urbanization has been linked to an increase in size and intensity of the UHI effect, which greatly increases water and energy consumption, causes high level of air pollution in summer, and triggers heat-related health risks [4,9]. An important part of the urban forest, can form cool islands in a city and help abate UHI effect, so Park Cool Island (PCI) effect has become a worthwhile subject of research
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