Abstract
This work analyzes the correlation of retrospective ratings on parental binding with cognitive patterns in the inmates for property crimes. The participant group comprehended 248 adults men, including 130 marked out as offenders (the target group), aged between 19 and 70, currently serving sentences in the Cavadonna prison in Siracusa, and 118 marked out as non-offenders (the control group), aged between 20 and 70, living in Siracusa (Sicily). The instruments used were the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Young Schema Questionnaire-3 (YSQ). The preliminary analysis showed a high percentage of offenders who experienced an affectionate constraint parenting. Offenders scored significantly higher than the non-offenders on the level of paternal control and the YSQ subscales. The study underlines the influence of maternal care on most of the cognitive schemas, and the role of father's control on the tendency to social isolation and defectiveness in the offenders.
Highlights
IntroductionThe cognitive model investigates the beliefs and cognitive schemas that determine the affective responses and behavioral strategies of the individual (Beck et al, 1990); beliefs or schemas are the cognitive representations of life experiences; in some cases, these experiences can lead to identity crisis (Pellerone et al, 2015), maladaptive defense mechanism, dissociated emotions (Craparo et al, 2014a,b; Gori et al, 2014), maladaptive beliefs and behaviors (McMurrana and Christopherb, 2008)
The cognitive model investigates the beliefs and cognitive schemas that determine the affective responses and behavioral strategies of the individual (Beck et al, 1990); beliefs or schemas are the cognitive representations of life experiences; in some cases, these experiences can lead to identity crisis (Pellerone et al, 2015), maladaptive defense mechanism, dissociated emotions (Craparo et al, 2014a,b; Gori et al, 2014), maladaptive beliefs and behaviors (McMurrana and Christopherb, 2008).This model is based on the assumption that environmental stimuli associated with a personal elaboration of their meaning, arouse a subsequent physiological and emotional response
The results show that 29% of the offenders had an affectionate constraint attachment, characterized by high level of care and control; followed by 25% with optimal parenting; 23% with affectionless control
Summary
The cognitive model investigates the beliefs and cognitive schemas that determine the affective responses and behavioral strategies of the individual (Beck et al, 1990); beliefs or schemas are the cognitive representations of life experiences; in some cases, these experiences can lead to identity crisis (Pellerone et al, 2015), maladaptive defense mechanism, dissociated emotions (Craparo et al, 2014a,b; Gori et al, 2014), maladaptive beliefs and behaviors (McMurrana and Christopherb, 2008) This model is based on the assumption that environmental stimuli associated with a personal elaboration of their meaning, arouse a subsequent physiological and emotional response. Schemas are extremely stable and enduring patterns, comprised of memories, corporeal sensations, emotions, cognitions, and once they are activated intense emotions are felt
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