Abstract
Objective: To verify the relationship between obesity and the occurrence of negative outcomes in hospitalized patients. Methodology: An integrative review was carried out using the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health (PubMed) and the Virtual Health Library (VLH/BVS) database. Results: It was observed that obese patients are 2 to 5 times more likely to need Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) when admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Patients with high BMI (obese) and who needed mechanical ventilation had a mortality rate above 60%. The risk increases as the patient has other pathologies, this fact is shown that mortality by COVID-19 has multifactorial causes. Conclusion: The study showed that obesity is a risk factor associated with the increased development of the severe form of the disease, usually associated with other pathologies (hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases). That is, obesity increases the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes.
Highlights
In Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 was observed a series of cases of a new virus that caused respiratory infections
This work is an integrative review based on the research question: "What is the relationship between obesity and the occurrence of negative outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19?”
Obesity is associated with a 3x greater risk of death than patients with a body mass index (BMI)
Summary
In Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 was observed a series of cases of a new virus that caused respiratory infections. Since the SARS-CoV-2 (new coronavirus), according to the data released by World Health Organisation, already infected over 215 millions people around the world, what has already resulted in 4,48 millions of deaths. In Brazil, according to the data released by Brazilian government, it's 578.326 deaths already, reaching a 2.8% death rate. (OMS, 2021; BRASIL, 2020) The new coronavirus possess an single-stranded RNA enveloped and the transmission is realized human by human, in China the bats were stablished as an important reservoir of the virus. The most common clinic symptoms are: fever and cough; but can include dyspnea, headache, muscle pain and fatigue. Is estimated that 20% of the cases are serious, with a 3% death rate. The COVID-19’s complications (respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, septic shock, thromboembolism, and/or multiple organ failure), happens mainly in patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, among others. (Hu et al, 2017; Wang, Tang, Wei, 2020; Wang, Horby, Hayden, Gao; 2020)
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