Abstract
The effects of pH and bromide ion concentration on the formation of nine haloacetic acids (HAAs) and total organic halogens (TOX) in chlorinated drinking water have been evaluated. In an extensive study, the relationships of nine HAAs with TOX have been investigated. Honesty Significant Differences test (HSD) and ANOVA tests were used for the statistical analyses. The study determined the concentration range of nine HAAs as of a percentage of TOX at varying experimental conditions. Statistical analyses showed that the parameters pH and Br had significant effects on the formation of nine HAAs and TOX. This study also showed that brominated and mixed species of HAAs would be dominant in the presence of high bromide ion concentration which contributes a high percentage of the TOX. The results of this study could be used to set up a maximum contaminant level of TOX as a water quality standard for chlorination by-products.
Highlights
Chlorination by-products (CBPs) are generally suspected of having adverse health effects
The study revealed that Trichloroacetic Acids (TCA) and Dicholoroacetic Acid (DCA) were the principal percentage of the TOX as Haloacetic Acids (HAAs), in the absence of bromide ion, these compounds decreased rapidly with the incremental addition of bromide
This study showed that brominated and mixed species of HAAs would be dominant in the presence of high
Summary
Chlorination by-products (CBPs) are generally suspected of having adverse health effects. The Maximum contaminant level for the total THMs is 0.080 mg/L and 0.060 mg/L for the sum of concentrations of five haloacetic acids (MCA, DCA, TCA, MBA, DBA) To better control DBP in finished drinking water, it is important to understand the. The objective of this work was to determine the extent to which correlation exists between TOX and individual HAAs formation at varying experimental conditions In this extensive study, the effects of the 3 pH values, 3 reaction times and 4 bromide concentrations on the formation of 9 HAAs: Monochloroacetic Acid (MCA), Dicholoroacetic Acid (DCA) Trichloroacetic Acids (TCA), Monobromoacetic Acid (MBA) Dibromoacetic Acid (DBA) and Tribromoacetic Acids (TBA) Bromochloroacetic Acid (BCA) and Dibromochloroacetic Acid (DBCA) and Dichlorobromoacetic Acid (DBCA) as percentage of TOX have been evaluated
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