Abstract
The aims of the present study were to evaluate the angulation and inclination of permanent maxillary incisors and to correlate the results to the intra-alveolar permanent maxillary canine position during mixed dentition, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The subjects were 30 children aged 7 to 10 years in the inter-transitory period of mixed dentition (permanent incisors and first molars erupted; primary canines, first and second molars erupted; and permanent canines intraosseous). The CBCT scans were obtained and, using the Dolphin Imaging(®) software - version 11.0, 3D images were reconstructed and the measurements were performed. The angulation of the right and left lateral and central maxillary incisors was measured in relation to the sagittal plane and their inclination was measured in relation to the coronal plane. The intra-alveolar height of the right and left maxillary canines was measured from the cusp tip to the axial plane. Pearson's correlation at 5% significance level showed positive correlation between the canine height and the lateral incisor angulation. It was concluded that the intra-alveolar position of the maxillary canines has a direct influence on the angulation of maxillary incisors, especially the lateral incisors.
Highlights
The human dentition development is a continuous complex biological process
Around 6 years old, often with the permanent first molar eruption, the mixed dentition period begins and it is characterized by the replacement of the primary teeth by their permanent successors
The changes are constant and intense until the complete establishment of the permanent dentition. Knowledge of this process enables understanding possible deviations from normal, reducing or eliminating etiologic factors that may not allow further establishment of the ideal occlusion. For both lay people and dentists, the most significant visible change during the mixed dentition is the position of maxillary incisors [1]
Summary
The human dentition development is a continuous complex biological process. Around 6 years old, often with the permanent first molar eruption, the mixed dentition period begins and it is characterized by the replacement of the primary teeth by their permanent successors. The changes are constant and intense until the complete establishment of the permanent dentition Knowledge of this process enables understanding possible deviations from normal, reducing or eliminating etiologic factors that may not allow further establishment of the ideal occlusion. For both lay people and dentists, the most significant visible change during the mixed dentition is the position of maxillary incisors [1]. While in the primary dentition the incisors are upright, in the early mixed dentition the permanent incisors tend to incline buccally and tip mesially, showing accentuated protrusion and presence of diastema in the anterior region This characteristic stage of the mixed dentition period was first described by Broadbent as ugly duckling stage [2]. It begins at approximately 8 years old and tends to disappear about 12 years of age
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