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Abstract
Since urban areas with high air pollution are known to have higher mortality rates compared to areas with less air pollution, accurately understanding and predicting the distribution of particulate matter (PM) in cities is important for urban planning policies that seek to emphasize the health of citizens. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between PM and land use in metropolitan cities in South Korea using the land-use regression model. We use daily data from the air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) in seven cities in South Korea for the year 2018. For analysis, K-means clustering is employed to identify the land-use pattern surrounding the AQMSs and two log-lin regression models are used to investigate the effects of each land-use type on PM. The findings show a statistically significant difference in PM concentration and variability in the business, commercial, industrial, mixed, and high-density residential areas compared to parks and green areas, and that PM concentration and variability were less in mixed areas than in single land use, thus verifying the effectiveness of a mixed land-use planning strategy. Moreover, microclimatic, seasonal, and regional factors affect PM concentration and variability. Finally, to minimize exposure to PM, various policies such as mixed land use need to be established and implemented differently, depending on the season and time.
Highlights
Particulate matter (PM), along with ozone (O3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), is one of the most significant air pollutants that threaten the health of humans worldwide
The findings show a statistically significant difference in PM concentration and variability in the business, commercial, industrial, mixed, and high-density residential areas compared to parks and green areas, and that PM concentration and variability were less in mixed areas than in single land use, verifying the effectiveness of a mixed land-use planning strategy
The contribution of natural sources in Korea is 16% [3], which is lower than the global average, and, it is a country where human activities have a large influence on PM10 concentration
Summary
Particulate matter (PM), along with ozone (O3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), is one of the most significant air pollutants that threaten the health of humans worldwide. PM2.5, which has a particle diameter of less than 2.5 μm, is attracting attention, but many studies have reported that the particle size causes different health outcomes through different biological mechanisms [2]. The contribution of natural sources to PM10 is 22% [3], in other words 78% of PM10 originates from human activities. The contribution of sources related to human activity is traffic (25%), industry (18%), domestic fuel burning (15%), and unspecified sources of human origin (20%) [3]. The contribution of natural sources in Korea is 16% [3], which is lower than the global average, and, it is a country where human activities have a large influence on PM10 concentration
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