Relationship between Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Intestinal Helminthiasis among School Age Children in Abakaliki Metropolis

Abstract

Background: In a world plagued by poverty, ignorance, malnutrition and disease especially in developing countries, children are particularly vulnerable to anaemia. A 2015 report by the WHO reveals that iron deficiency is a major cause of anaemia accounting for about 50% of cases worldwide. The importance of iron in growing children cannot be overemphasised especially with regards to neurologic and cognitive development. Iron deficiency has a negative impact on childhood growth and development. It also affects neuronal energy metabolism, the metabolism of neurotransmitters, myelination, and memory function. These undesirable consequences can be irreversible; thus, early detection through periodic screening exercise will enable prompt intervention. Aims: This community-based cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among primary school children in Abakaliki, Nigeria, and investigating its association with intestinal parasitic infections. Materials and Methods: A total of 372 children aged 6–12 years were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic data were collected, and stool samples were examined for intestinal parasites. Haemoglobin concentration, serum on, and total iron-binding capacity were measured to determine anaemia and iron deficiency status. Result: The results showed a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections had a significantly higher prevalence of IDA compared to those without infections. The study also revealed a significant association between IDA and lower socioeconomic status, as well as maternal and paternal educational attainment. These findings highlight the substantial burden of IDA among primary school children in Abakaliki and the role of intestinal parasitic infections in contributing to iron deficiency. Conclusion: The study emphasises the need for integrated interventions, including health education, improved school meal provision, iron supplementation, regular deworming programmes, and measures to control and prevent intestinal parasitic infections. By addressing these actors, efforts can be made to reduce the prevalence of IDA and its associated health consequences in the population.