Relationship between instrumental activities of daily living decline during hospitalization and one-year mortality in elderly patients with heart failure: A multi-center prospective cohort study

Abstract

BackgroundIt remains unclear whether instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) decline during hospitalization is related to mortality rates. This study examined the relationship between IADL decline during hospitalization and the one-year mortality rate in elderly heart failure (HF) patients. MethodsFive hundred seventy-six consecutive patients who were hospitalized for acute decompensated HF and underwent rehabilitation were divided into groups based on changes in IADL during hospitalization: IADL maintained and IADL decline. IADL was assessed by the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Activities of Daily Living Scale (NCGG-ADL). IADL decline was defined as Δ NCGG-ADL ≤ −1 point. The primary outcome was one-year all-cause mortality rate after discharge. Outcomes were examined using the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards models using the existing prognostic risk factors for HF. ResultsOf 576 patients, 20% (n = 113) had IADL decline during hospitalization, and 9.2% (n = 35) and 6.0% (n = 18) died of all-cause and cardiovascular disease within one year after discharge, respectively. The IADL-decline group had significantly higher one-year all-cause mortality rates after adjusting for risk factors (hazard ratio: 1.923, 95% confidence interval 1.085–3.409; P = 0.023). Among the IADL subcategories, outdoor activity items such as “go out by oneself,” “take a bus or train,” and “shop for necessities” were more likely to change from independent to dependent during hospitalization. ConclusionIADL decline during hospitalization was associated with an increased all-cause mortality rate at one-year after discharge in elderly HF patients.