Abstract
Forest ecosystems cover about 30% of the Earth's surface and provide important ecosystem goods and services. Forest traits: specific leaf area (SLA), leaf weight ratio (LWR) and growth index (It) are among the key indicators of forest ecosystems functioning. The investigation deals with meta-analysis (including ANOVA and RDA analysis) for 20 Bulgarian locations of Quercus cerris L. and Q. frainetto Ten. forests. The results are verified with the data from TRY database. For all analysis as a response, variables are chosen selected indexes - SLA, LWR and It and as explanatory variables - listed characteristics of locations: latitude, longitude, altitude, precipitation and temperature. The positive correlation of growth index and SLA and negative - with altitude for all locations are obtained. The growth index correlated negatively with LWR and positively with longitude only for Bulgarian locations. The established dependences are indispensable for higher precision of the ongoing analyzes, filling the gaps of data and creating a new generation of vegetation models.
Highlights
Forest ecosystems, cover about 30% of the Earth's surface and provide important goods and services from ecosystems, including food, feed, water, shelter, nutrients, and have both cultural and recreational value
According to the RDA analysis – figure 3: index of the Dendrochronology (It) indexes poorly positive with specific leaf area (SLA), moderately positive with T and Prec, very positive with Long, moderately negative with Lat., and strongly negative with Alt. аnd leaf weight ratio (LWR)
The differences in the values of each of the three indices are reliable in years for both Quercus cerris L. and Quercus frainetto Ten
Summary
Cover about 30% of the Earth's surface and provide important goods and services from ecosystems, including food, feed, water, shelter, nutrients, and have both cultural and recreational value. Forests provide habitat for a wide range of species and help to alleviate land degradation and desertification. This significant role is decisive for the adaptation planning to climate change by maintaining ecosystem services and providing livelihoods. Bulgaria is among the countries with the largest number of forests in Europe. They cover one third of the country's territory and most of them are of natural origin, Lalova [23]. Bulgarian forests are a place for recreation and tourism and provide economic and social benefits for the people, Lyubenova [26]. The most serious are the short-sighted management of forest resources and the high level of illegal activities in the forest sector, WWF [47]
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