Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and myopia progression as well as axial elongation in schoolchildren. We examined cycloplegic refraction, axial length, and wavefront aberrations prospectively in 71 myopic children. Changes in cycloplegic refraction and axial length during a 2-year study period were assessed, and their correlations with HOA components were analyzed. Sixty-four subjects ([mean ± SD] 9.2 ± 1.6 years) completed the 2-year examinations. Cycloplegic refraction was significantly changed after 2 years (P < 0.0001), and the average change (myopia progression) was −1.60 ± 1.04 D. Axial length also increased significantly (P < 0.0001), and the average increase (axial elongation) was 0.77 ± 0.40 mm. Myopia progression and axial elongation showed significant correlations with many components of corneal HOA (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0270). Multivariate analysis showed that the total HOA of the cornea was the most relevant variable to myopia progression and axial elongation (P < 0.0001). Eyes with larger amounts of corneal HOAs showed less myopia progression and smaller axial elongation, suggesting that corneal HOAs play a role in the refractive and ocular developments in children.
Highlights
Myopia is one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide
We examined the influence of higher-order wavefront aberrations (HOAs) on axial elongation in myopic children treated with orthokeratology, and found a significant negative correlation between coma-like aberration and axial elongation[28]
As for axial elongation, the total HOA of the cornea and age were independently correlated with axial elongation, with the total HOA of the cornea being the more relevant variable. This 2-year prospective study showed that HOAs are strongly correlated with myopia progression and axial elongation in myopic schoolchildren wearing single-vision spectacles
Summary
Myopia is one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide. The prevalence of myopia has risen steeply over the past 50 years especially in developed countries in east and southeast Asia, such as China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, and Singapore[1,2,3]. Many studies over the last decade have confirmed the effect of overnight orthokeratology in slowing axial elongation and preventing myopia progression[20,21,22,23]. We examined the influence of higher-order wavefront aberrations (HOAs) on axial elongation in myopic children treated with orthokeratology, and found a significant negative correlation between coma-like aberration and axial elongation[28]. It has been reported that SCLs with positive spherical aberration might slow myopia progression[29]. Based on these findings, we believed that the effect of HOAs on myopia progression and axial elongation should be investigated over the natural course of childhood myopia. We conducted the current study to investigate the relationship between HOAs, myopia progression, and axial elongation in normal schoolchildren with mild to moderate myopia
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