Relationship between food allergies and composition of intestinal microbiota at irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract

Currently, there is an increase in the number of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, to date, there is no single concept of the etiopathogenesis of functional disorders of the digestive tract. Initially, great attention was paid to disorders of motility and impaired regulatory interactions of the brain‑intestine as causes of irritable bowel syndrome, but in recent years the focus has shifted to subclinical inflammation in the colon mucosa and the development of visceral hypersensitivity. The reasons contributing to the formation of immune inflammation in the intestinal wall, include a violation of the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as well as food allergies and food intolerance. This article discusses the qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome if they have food allergies, as well as the effect of the composition of the intestinal microbiota on the clinical variant of irritable bowel syndrome. The study included 257 patients with IBS. At the first stage, an assessment was made of the history of food allergies, such as IBS, in accordance with the Bristol scale, as well as a microbiological study of feces. At the second stage, the evaluation of intestinal microbiota correction schemes was carried out in patients who had food allergies. The patients were divided into two equal groups, the first group received intestinal antiseptic in combination with multi‑component probiotic, the second — intestinal antiseptic in combination with Saccharomyces boulardii. When analyzing the obtained results, it was noted that approximately half of patients with IBS in the anamnesis had manifestations of food allergy. In most cases, food allergy was associated with the development of patients with IBS variant with diarrhea and excessive growth of conditionally pathogenic microflora with a decrease in the number of lactic and bifidobacteria. When comparing schemes for the correction of disorders of the intestinal microbiota, the greatest efficacy was observed with the combination of intestinal antiseptic and Saccharomyces boulardii.