Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is highly expressed in many cancers. We investigated the expression of PD-L1 and its relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 and KI-67 expression in 64 patients with primary glioma. The expression rate of PD-L1 in glioma patients was 78.12%. PD-L1 levels correlated with the tumor grade (p = 0.013), VEGF status (p = 0.002) and KI-67 status (p = 0.002). In addition, PD-L1 levels correlated positively with VEGF (r = 0.314, p = 0.011) and KI-67 (r = 0.391, p = 0.001) levels when the data were treated as continuous variables. This is the first report suggesting that PD-L1 is important for glioma angiogenesis and proliferation. Thus, further research should be conducted to assess the combination of targeted VEGF therapy and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy for the treatment of glioma.
Highlights
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor of the central nervous system, accounting for 40– 50% of all primary brain tumors
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression tightly correlates with the pathological grade of glioma [14, 15]; proteins involved in angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion, which are associated with the malignant progression of glioma, might regulate PD-L1 expression
Using the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system, we recruited a total of 23 low-grade glioma (LGG) (WHO I–II) and 41 high-grade glioma (HGG) (WHO III - IV) patients for this study. tumor (Figure 1), indicating that PD-L1 was associated with strong invasion and migration abilities
Summary
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor of the central nervous system, accounting for 40– 50% of all primary brain tumors. PD-L1 expression tightly correlates with the pathological grade of glioma [14, 15]; proteins involved in angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion, which are associated with the malignant progression of glioma, might regulate PD-L1 expression. VEGF expression has been found to be upregulated in glioma and to correlate with tumor malignancy [16, 17]. Invasion and proliferation might be important regulators of the PDL1/PD-1 axis in glioma, given the association of these processes with the malignant progression of glioma. We investigated the protein profiles of PD-L1, VEGF, MMP-9 and KI-67 in glioma patients according to the patients’ clinical characteristics, and explored the correlations in the expression of these proteins
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