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Abstract
Microbiota in the intestine provides major benefits to human health. The development of these microbiota depends on the individual's diet and lifestyle and is reflected in the impact of the microbiota on the body's energy and metabolism. In a normal healthy environment, Escherichia coli grows healthy and reflecting in the human body's metabolism. However, it has been known that there is linking the community of bacterial structure factors of the intestinal microbiota to colorectal cancer development and progression, E. coli can infect and cause changes in the gut that can finally lead to cellular transformation. Thus, chronic inflammation induced by E. coli during inflammatory bowel disease predisposes an individual to colorectal cancer. E. coli is a type species of the genus Escherichia. E. coli is a Gram-negative bacillus, facultative anaerobe, motile. E. coli producing many of toxin such as colibactin is a hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide encoded by polyketide synthase (pks) can induce DNA double-strand breaks leading to chromosomal aberrations and increases the frequency of gene mutations and able to induce senescence-associated secretome to contribute to colon cancer development. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the bioactivity of E. coli on colon cell that has transformed to a cancer cell and to understand the E. coli as microbiota behavior in a certain environment the effect of this new environment on its activities.
Highlights
E. coli is the most microorganisms studied worldwide, commonly found as normal flora in the intestines of humans
Central metabolism in E. coli consists of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolytic pathway (EMP), the pentose phosphate pathway (PP), the Entner-Doudoroff pathway (ED), the TCA cycle, and diverse fermentation pathways [1,2]
E. coli has been classified into five phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, D, and E), classified according to serotyped based on three types of somatic (O), capsular (K) and flagellar (H) antigens, and more than 700 E. coli serotypes have been identified based on the combination of O and H antigens [3]
Summary
E. coli is the most microorganisms studied worldwide, commonly found as normal flora in the intestines of humans. E. coli is a type species of the genus Escherichia. E. coli is a Gram-negative bacillus, oxidase-negative, commonly found as normal flora in the intestines of human, facultative anaerobe with the ability to respire oxygen preferably at 37°C, motile with peritrichous flagella, use alternative anaerobic electron acceptors, or ferment, depending on electron acceptor availability. Where it was classified according to the causative agents of diseases, Six well-known intestinal pathogenic E. coli types are enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC). Some E. coli strains can cause extraintestinal diseases and are called extraintestinal. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 12(02), 188–193 pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). The ExPEC, which were defined by disease association, include uropathogenic E. coli, neonatal meningitis‐associated E. coli and sepsis‐causing E. coli [5, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
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