Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze clinical, placental and obstetric aspects of women with and without high-risk pregnancy, and their relationship with intrauterine growth deviations and neonatal aspects. Method: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was based on an analysis of the medical records of women with and without high-risk pregnancy and newborns, and anatomopathological characterization of the placenta. Results: 265 placentas were analyzed, 130 (49.06%) women with high-risk pregnancy and newborns with intrauterine growth deviations. A higher occurrence of placental changes was found in high-risk pregnancy and uterine growth deviations in comparison to cases without high-risk pregnancy (p≤0.001). High-risk pregnancies with intrauterine growth deviations were associated with placental changes (p≤0.001). Intrauterine growth deviations was related to birth weight in cases of high-risk pregnancy compared to normal gestation (p=0.014). Conclusion: a higher occurrence of placental anatomopathological changes was found in maternal and fetal surfaces in cases of high-risk pregnancy and intrauterine growth deviations.
Highlights
Most pregnancies progress without any complications, consisting of a necessary process of immune and systemic adaptation for the proper development of the fetus and the placenta.[1]
The human placenta is a vital organ for maintaining pregnancy and promoting normal fetal development,[3] a pattern of morphological alteration found may indicate maternal and fetal clinical involvement related to gestational hypertensive syndromes,[4] to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR),[5] to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or to placental abruption (PA), with small for gestational age (SGA) newborns,[5] decreased placental flow or miscarriage resulting as a consequence.[6]
Aggressions involving the uterine-placental unit may divert the fetus from its genetic growth potentia,[7] resulting in a condition known as IUGR5 (Intrauterine Growth Restriction) and in complications related to a higher incidence of fetal distress, the presence of meconial amniotic fluid, low Apgar score, low birth weight (LBW) and perinatal death.[3]
Summary
Most pregnancies progress without any complications, consisting of a necessary process of immune and systemic adaptation for the proper development of the fetus and the placenta.[1] When the physiological and balanced gestational period undergoes alterations that can generate risk for the mother-child binomial, pregnancy is no longer considered a normal state, becoming high-risk pregnancy. The human placenta is a vital organ for maintaining pregnancy and promoting normal fetal development,[3] a pattern of morphological alteration found may indicate maternal and fetal clinical involvement related to gestational hypertensive syndromes,[4] to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR),[5] to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or to placental abruption (PA), with small for gestational age (SGA) newborns,[5] decreased placental flow (placental hypoxia) or miscarriage resulting as a consequence.[6].
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